Search results for "elektroniset piirit"
showing 10 items of 19 documents
Stability of charge-pump phase-locked loops : the hold-in and pull-in ranges
2020
The problem of design and analysis of synchronization control circuits is a challenging task for many applications: satellite navigation, digital communication, wireless networks, and others. In this article the Charge-Pump Phase-Locked Loop (CP-PLL) electronic circuit, which is used for frequency synthesis and clock generation in computer architectures, is studied. Analysis of CP-PLL is not trivial: full mathematical model, rigorous definitions, and analysis still remain open issues in many respects. This article is devoted to development of a mathematical model, taking into account engineering aspects of the circuit, interpretation of core engineering problems, definition in relation to m…
Nonlinear Analysis of Charge-Pump Phase-Locked Loop : The Hold-In and Pull-In Ranges
2021
In this paper a fairly complete mathematical model of CP-PLL, which reliable enough to serve as a tool for credible analysis of dynamical properties of these circuits, is studied. We refine relevant mathematical definitions of the hold-in and pull-in ranges related to the local and global stability. Stability analysis of the steady state for the charge-pump phase locked loop is non-trivial: straight-forward linearization of available CP-PLL models may lead to incorrect conclusions, because the system is not smooth near the steady state and may experience overload. In this work necessary details for local stability analysis are presented and the hold-in range is computed. An upper estimate o…
Analytical-numerical methods for finding hidden oscillations in dynamical systems
2012
Hidden attractors and multistability in a modified Chua’s circuit
2021
The first hidden chaotic attractor was discovered in a dimensionless piecewise-linear Chua’s system with a special Chua’s diode. But designing such physical Chua’s circuit is a challenging task due to the distinct slopes of Chua’s diode. In this paper, a modified Chua’s circuit is implemented using a 5-segment piecewise-linear Chua’s diode. In particular, the coexisting phenomena of hidden attractors and three point attractors are noticed in the entire period-doubling bifurcation route. Attraction basins of different coexisting attractors are explored. It is demonstrated that the hidden attractors have very small basins of attraction not being connected with any fixed point. The PSIM circui…
The Egan problem on the pull-in range of type 2 PLLs
2021
In 1981, famous engineer William F. Egan conjectured that a higher-order type 2 PLL with an infinite hold-in range also has an infinite pull-in range, and supported his conjecture with some third-order PLL implementations. Although it is known that for the second-order type 2 PLLs the hold-in range and the pull-in range are both infinite, the present paper shows that the Egan conjecture may be not valid in general. We provide an implementation of the third-order type 2 PLL, which has an infinite hold-in range and experiences stable oscillations. This implementation and the Egan conjecture naturally pose a problem, which we will call the Egan problem: to determine a class of type 2 PLLs for …
Stability and Chaotic Attractors of Memristor-Based Circuit with a Line of Equilibria
2019
This report investigates the stability problem of memristive systems with a line of equilibria on the example of SBT memristor-based Wien-bridge circuit. For the considered system, conditions of local and global partial stability are obtained, and chaotic dynamics is studied. peerReviewed
Phase-dependent microwave response of a graphene Josephson junction
2021
Gate-tunable Josephson junctions embedded in a microwave environment provide a promising platform to in situ engineer and optimize novel superconducting quantum circuits. The key quantity for the circuit design is the phase-dependent complex admittance of the junction, which can be probed by sensing a radio frequency SQUID with a tank circuit. Here, we investigate a graphene-based Josephson junction as a prototype gate-tunable element enclosed in a SQUID loop that is inductively coupled to a superconducting resonator operating at 3 GHz. With a concise circuit model that describes the dispersive and dissipative response of the coupled system, we extract the phase-dependent junction admittanc…
Harmonic balance analysis of pull-in range and oscillatory behavior of third-order type 2 analog PLLs
2020
The most important design parameters of each phase-locked loop (PLL) are the local and global stability properties, and the pull-in range. To extend the pull-in range, engineers often use type 2 PLLs. However, the engineering design relies on approximations which prevent a full exploitation of the benefits of type 2 PLLs. Using an exact mathematical model and relying on a rigorous mathematical thinking this problem is revisited here and the stability and pull-in properties of the third-order type 2 analog PLLs are determined. Both the local and global stability conditions are derived. As a new idea, the harmonic balance method is used to derive the global stability conditions. That approach…
Design and simulation of efficient combinational circuits based on a new XOR structure in QCA technology
2021
AbstractQuantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), due to its unique characteristics like low power consumption, nanoscale design, and high computing speed is considered as an emerging technology, and it can be used as an alternative for CMOS technology in circuit design for quantum computers in the near future. XOR gate has many applications in the design of digital circuits in QCA. In this paper, an efficient novel structure of XOR gate is proposed in QCA. Also, a novel 1-bit comparator circuit, 1-bit full adder, binary to gray and gray to binary convertor code based on the proposed XOR is designed and simulated using QCADesigner 2.0.3. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed stru…